The triangular slave trade the slave trade made many people very rich but also ruined the lives of those captured into slavery. Compelling firsthand accounts and primary source u. It was one leg of the triangular trade route that took goods from europe to africa, africans to work as slaves in the americas and the west indies, and items produced on the plantations back to europe. What too few textbooks told you anthony hazard duration. List of books and articles about middle passage online research. This middle passage was a harsh way of transferring slaves from africa to the new world. Africa before transatlantic slavery the arrival of european traders the triangular trade. In the 1560s, sir john hawkins pioneered the way for the slave triangle that would take place between england, africa, and north america. Aug 01, 2006 the slave trade and the middle passage drama of africanamerican history sharp, s pearl, schomp, virginia on. If you look at a map, you can see how this forms a triangle. This lesson provides opportunities for students to read about the triangular trade route, share findings about various legs of the journey as well as work with maps and primary source materials relative to the costs of the slave trade to enslaved africans. Offer your students a visual introduction to the slave trading that presaged the civil war era in the united states. Definition of the triangle trade rum and slave trade.
Triangular trade and the middle passage lesson description. A single ship was packed with slaves beyond its capacity, as a result of which they were subjected to terrible conditions on board, with minimal food and water. Slave ships from britain left ports like london, liverpool and bristol for west africa carrying goods such as cloth, guns, ironware and drink that had been made in britain. Triangular trade involves one trader exchanging commodities for a second commodity he can in turn trade with a second partner. Because of this, it was called the triangular trade. The middle passage was a triangular trade route between africa, the new world, and europe. Middle passage term used to describe the transatlantic voyage of slaves from africa. Rawley fills a scholarly gap in the historical discussion of the slave trade from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century by providing one volume covering the economics, demography.
By the 1780s, about 97,000 slaves a year were being sent to the americas on more than 800 slave ships. Triangular trade and the middle passage museum connection. What better way to teach about the triangular trade than a hands on project that kids and parents will love. Triangular trade apush questions will require you to know the three partners. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come. The slave trade and the middle passage drama of african. The enslaved africans were then sold or traded as commodities for raw materials, which would be transported back to europe to complete the triangular trade.
Is the middle passage the triangle passage answers. Use the website listed in the document to learn more about triangular trade and the development of slavery in the americas. Bostons cradle of liberty is only steps from sites where enslaved africans were bought and sold after traveling the middle passage from west africa to north america. The atlantic slave trade had three different parts. This book covers everything your students will need to know about the the triangular trade including vocabulary terms such as import and export, the middle passage, and goods and natural reso. List of books and articles about slave trade online. The story of the slave captain who saw the light quit his profession, and wrote the hymn amazing grace is included on the site. The voyage that brought captured africans to the west indies and later to north and south america was known as the middle passage. This anthology of primary and secondary sources covers the slave trade and its abolition. The middle passage and the triangular trade the middle passage. For example, europeans produced furniture and tools, while colonists in north america had fish and lumber. Traders from the americas and caribbean received the enslaved africans. Ships departed europe for african markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped africans, who were transported across the atlantic as slaves.
The journey of ships laden with slaves from africa was the second phase of the triangular trade, known as the middle passage. It both gave birth to and resulted from the shift from feudalism into the european commercial revolution. The middle passage was a major aspect of the triangular trade essay 1844 words 8 pages. The middle passage specific refers to the journey the africans slaves made from africa to the americas. The slave trade brought vast wealth to british ports and merchants but conditions were horrific. The slave trade and the middle passage drama of africanamerican history. History of the transatlantic slave trade familysearch. Read and analyze documents about the middle passage. Jun 03, 2012 the middle passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from africa were shipped to the new world, as part of the atlantic slave trade.
Middle passage definition, conditions, significance. Have students read tom feelings book the middle passage, including the introduction. The middle passage the atlantic crossing from africa. It was the middle leg of the triangle trade, which was the name given to the routine process of shipping tradable items in a triangular path between the continents of europe, africa, and north. The transatlantic triangular trade involved many continents, a lot of money, some cargo and sugar, and millions of african slaves. It was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle. The middle passage was the second leg of the triangular slave trade that went from europe to africa, africa to the americas, and then back to europe. The slave trade and the middle passage drama of africanamerican history sharp, s pearl, schomp, virginia on. While the origins of the slave trade from africa can be traced back to days of the roman empire, hawkins voyages were the first for england. These take readers back to life in africa before and during the slave trade, describe the horrors of. A sixyear correspondence between timothy fitch, a medford resident, and an employee of fitch named peter gwinn.
The transport of black africans to the americas by slave ship became known as the middle passage because it was the middle leg of the triangular trade route used by the european merchants. The transatlantic slave trade played a major role in the development of the modern world. Atlantic slave trade lesson plans triangular trade. The medford slave trade letters 17591765 the medford slave letters as we have called them are a series of letters spanning between the january of 1759 and october of 1765. The middle passage got its name because it was the middle part of the triangular trade. The middle passage of the triangle trade was the second leg of the threepart journey from africa to the european colonies, in which slaves were transported by the millions. Triangular trade or triangle trade is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. The second, or middle, leg of the journey was the transportation of slaves to the americas. The triangle trade is explained very clearly with a map.
It was socalled because it was the middle section of the trade route taken by many of the ships. In this lesson students will locate and label the triangular trade on a map of the atlantic ocean. The slave trade revisited by doudou diene berghahn books, 2001. The triangle trade and the colonial table, sugar, tea, and slavery duration. The middle passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of africans were forcibly transported to the new world as part of the atlantic slave.
The triangular trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trading of goods during the 16th19th century between europe, africa, and the americas. A forced journey middle passage was the voyage in which africans were brought from africa west indies north and south america considered the middle leg of the triangular trade triangular trade map the. Countless slaves made this middle passage voyage from the 1600s through the beginning of the 1800s with many dying on the journey. Klein has often emphasised that in many fields cost of trade, ways of transport, mortality levels, earnings and benefits of trade for the europeans and the socalled triangular trade, the nonscientific literature has created a. Africa, in result was affected by this tragedy with depopulation and violence. The middle passage its impact on life in africa knowledge k africans were brought over from africa via the middle passage. The middle passage was a part of the triangular trade more prefferably than triangular passage. The slaves were taken to the new world and traded for raw materials which were then shipped back to europe. A single voyage on the middle passage was a large financial undertaking that was generally organized by companies or groups of investors rather than individuals. British merchants completed the triangle of human misery by trading rum for more slaves. The triangular trade is a trade model, not an exact description of the ships route. The african slaves were viewed as cargo by the merchants and were packed into the ships with no regard to their basic human rights. Goods include but are not limited to food, shoes, cars, houses, books, and furniture. One triangle began with colonial merchants transporting flour, meat, and other.
Slave trade primary source stations triangle trade, middle. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. After the transatlantic slave trade, the second forced migration, or second middle passage, was known as the domestic, or internal, slave trade in america. Apr 26, 2018 in the 1560s, sir john hawkins pioneered the way for the slave triangle that would take place between england, africa, and north america.
It was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic slave trade. Triangular trade in the atlantic ocean teachervision. In new england, colonists used molasses to make rum. Black peoples of america the triangular trade history. A summary of the triangular slave trade bbc bitesize. The most common routes formed what is now known as the triangle trade connecting europe, africa, and the americas. At the next two stations, students view primary source materials on the middle passage, and a slave auction. The three continents formed the points of large triangles, giving the trade routes their name. The country would see slave trade flourish through more than 10,000 recorded voyages up through march 1807 when.
The middle passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of africans were forcibly transported to the new world as part of the atlantic slave trade. The europeans would go to slave posts on the coasts. A single ship was packed with slaves beyond its capacity, as a result of which they were subjected to terrible conditions on. Many ships crossed the atlantic ocean carrying these and other goods to trade between the continents. At one station students read about the triangle trade and create a map of goods moving between the american colonies, europe and asia. Ships brought weapons, gunpowder, cloth, rum, and manufactured goods from. Need for workers in harvesting cash crops tobacco, cotton, sugar cane, indigo. This lesson provides opportunities for students to read about the triangular trade route, share findings about various legs of the journey as well as work with. The african slaves were either kidnapped or purchased they had not.
Click here for a great selection of books about the middle passage. Whats the difference between the middle passage and the. Products from the thirteen colonies include fish, whale oil, lumber, tobacco, rum, iron products, flour, and meat. The middle passagethe voyage that brought captured africans to the west indies and later to north and south america was known as the middle passage. The middle passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from africa were shipped to the new world, as part of the atlantic slave trade. Heres a summary of how early transatlantic traders began trafficking in humans and a glimpse of what that experience was like for those who suffered it. Start studying triangular trade and the middle passage. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Epidemics reduced the native population by 50% 90%. In african ports, european traders packed africans into the dark holds of large.
Between 30 and 60 million africans made the trip from africa to america in this way, many of them dying during from the long journey and horrible conditions. Maryland council on economic education version of lesson given to msdelewis partnership. Triangular trade shipping routes connecting africa, the west indies and north. This slideshow on the triangle trade and the middle passage has dramatic illustrations that are backed up by over 4 pages of detailed notes you can use to narrate the presentation. Jul 19, 2019 the transatlantic slave trade was responsible for one of the largest forced migrations in recorded historyand for dooming millions of people and their descendants into lives of slavery.
From the 16 th to the 19 th centuries, approximately 12 million africans were transported across the. Slaves were moved on the middle passage of the triangular trade route. Sep 12, 2017 the triangular trade is a system of trade most closely associated with the transatlantic slave trade in the 16th through 19th century. The middle passage was a major aspect of the triangular trade, which involves the illegitimate trading of african captives in exchange for manufactured goods from the europeans who later transport the african captives to the atlantic world and then exchange them for raw materials from the atlantic traders. The first section the outward passage was from europe to africa. As resistance grew and profit declined, the trade was finally abolished. Triangular trade and the middle passage flashcards quizlet. These take readers back to life in africa before and during the slave trade, describe the horrors of that trade and the sea passage to america, and move along through the civil war and reconstruction. The slaves were then brought to the west indies or to the colonies of north or south america, where they were traded for agricultural staples for the return voyage. Following this activity they will divide into three groups. Discover librarianselected research resources on middle passage from the questia online library, including fulltext online books, academic. And this triangular trade was an international trade network at that time, among europe,africa.
Focus on the slave trade, article and worksheet attached. Students will create storyboards that will help them understand the role of the triangular trade, analyze the the slave ship experiences of the middle passage, and connect slaverys individual impacts to the broader context of american history. The second middle passage african american history blog. Most went from africa to the west indies, where they were trade for molasses. Maryland council on economic education version of lesson given to msdelewis partnership 1 triangular trade and the middle passage lesson description. Triangular trade thus provides a method for rectifying trade imbalances between the above regions historically the particular routes were also shaped. Dec 22, 2014 slavery has occurred in many forms throughout the world, but the atlantic slave trade which forcibly brought more than 10 million africans to the americas stands out for both its global. In the triangular trade, arms and textiles went from europe to africa, slaves from africa to the americas, and sugar and coffee from the americas to europe. This passage began in europe, where ships were loaded with goods and sent to africa, where they were traded for african slaves. Jun 17, 2019 the middle passage was the second leg of the triangular slave trade that went from europe to africa, africa to the americas, and then back to europe. The middle passage the triangular trade national 5 history. One major author on the slave trade appropriately titled sins of our fathers explained how many white people urged him to state that the trade was the responsibility of african chiefs, and that europeans merely turned up to buy captives as though without european demand there would have been captives sitting on the beach by the millions. The trading system was a general exchange of manufactured goods, labour, and raw materials through shipments crossing the atlantic.
The middle passage an amazing journey through the middle passage with beautiful artwork depicting the horrible reality of the passage. Triangular trade and the middle passage reginald f. Black peoples of america the middle passage history. Millions of africans were packed tightly onto ships bound for the americas. We all know the story of the slave tradethe infamous middle passage, the.
Although the navigation acts remained on the books they were generally ignored. The term middle passage refers to that middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle in which millions of africans were imprisoned, enslaved, and removed from their homelands. The first leg was the journey from europe to africa where goods were exchanged for slaves. The middle passage the triangular trade bbc bitesize. Middle passage the term middle passage describes the forced transatlantic. The middle passage was the crossing from africa to the americas, which the ships made carrying their cargo of slaves. Five additional titles will carry the history up to the present day. Middle passage, the forced voyage of enslaved africans across the atlantic ocean to the new world. Maryland state curriculum maryland council on economic. Demonstrate an understanding of the triangular trade and the middle passage. A trade route whose legs formed a triangle from the colonies, to africa, then to the west indies, and back to the colonies. Roughly 15% of enslaved people didnt survive the middle passage. It was called the triangular trade because of the triangular shape that the three legs of the journey made.